The study of pore characteristics is of great importance in reservoir evaluation, especially in deeply buried sandstone. It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid properties of the permeable horizons. The first member of Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es1) sandstone is classified as feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose. The present research investigates the pore characteristics and reservoir features of the deeply buried sandstone reservoir of Es1 member of Shahejie Formation. The techniques including thin-section petrography, mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscope images were used to demarcate the pores including primary intergranular pores and secondary intergranular, intragranular, dissolution and fracture pores. Mercury injection test and routine core analysis were led to demarcate the pore network characteristics of the studied reservoir. Pore size and pore throat size distribution are acquired from mercury injection test. Porosity values range from 0.5% to 30%, and permeability ranges 0.006–7000 mD. Pore radii of coarse-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone range from 0.2 to > 4 µm and 1 nm to 1.60 µm, respectively, by MICP analysis. The mineral composition also plays an important role in protecting the pores with pressure from failure. Fractured sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone consist of large and interconnected pores that enhance the reservoir porosity and permeability, whereas fine-grained sandstone and siltstone consist of numerous pores but not well interconnected, and so they consist of high porosity with low permeability.