Jet pulse assembly is one of the main components of jet hydraulic oscillator. The pressure wave characteristics produced by jet pulse assembly have an important influence on the performance of the tool. In this paper, the structure and working principle of jet pulse assembly are studied, the mechanical analysis model of piston rod is established, the dynamic resistance ratio formula of jet pulse assembly is deduced, and the numerical simulation test of 89-mm jet pulse assembly structure parameters is carried out. The results show that the piston rod downward stroke is driven by both the jet element driving force and the throttle plate load driving force, and can stably descend. The driving force of the piston rod upward stroke jet element is opposite to the load acting force of the throttle disc, and the jet driving force needs to be greater than the load resistance of the throttle disc to stably ascend. The dynamic resistance ratio formula is deduced. When the area of the end of the piston rod is reduced, the resistance of the throttle disc is reduced and the jet power is increased, thus solving the problem of insufficient power of the piston rod in the upstroke and ensuring the normal operation of the tool. Ten groups of numerical simulation tests were carried out, and it was found that the pressure amplitude and pressure drop of the tool decreased significantly with the increase of the tool size, and the error between the numerical simulation value and the theoretical calculation value was less than 9%, which verified the correctness of the theory. It is suggested to select tools on site according to the drilling construction situation to ensure the drilling effect.