Abstract: In order to reduce the carbon emissions of natural gas pipelines, based on the background of different energy structures, this paper proposes a general low carbon and low consumption operation model of natural gas pipelines, which is used to fine calculate the carbon emissions and energy consumption of natural gas pipeline. In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (NHPSO-JTVAC) algorithm is used to solve the model and the optimal scheduling scheme is given. Taking a parallel pipeline located in western China as an example, the case is analyzed. The results show that after optimization, under the existing energy types, the pipeline system can reduce 31.14% of carbon emissions, and after introducing part of new energy, the pipeline system can reduce 34.02% of carbon emissions, but the energy consumption has increased.