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砂质辫状河不同级次构型表征及其界面控制下的岩性分布模式
——以山西大同盆地侏罗系辫状河露头为例
任晓旭,侯加根,刘钰铭,陈德坡,张翔宇
1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249; 2 中国石化胜利油田地质科学研究院,东营 257061
Architectural characterization and a distribution model of lithology
REN Xiaoxu, HOU Jiagen, LIU Yuming, CHEN Depo, ZHANG Xiangyu
1 College of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; 2 Geological Science Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC, Dongying 257061, China

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摘要  由于水动力的变化,厚砂层内不同级次构型界面附近会发生岩性的变化,界面附近存在具有一定厚度的“岩性复合体”,从而影响厚层砂体内部的非均质性。砂质辫状河构型叠置界面多样,界面附近的岩性分布模式尤其复杂。通过对山西大同侏罗系云岗组经典砂质辫状河露头进行考察,划分了8种构型要素类型及其内部岩石相组合模式,阐述了不同级次构型界面附近沉积模式控制下的岩性组合模式,并且定量统计了5级~3级界面附近岩性复合体的展布规模(长度、厚度)。分析不同级次界面附近岩性变化的成因机制,重塑了砂质辫状河沉积过程。研究表明,5级界面为单期河道的边界,界面附近为厚度较大、分布稳定的泛滥平原沉积。4级界面为单一心滩坝或河道充填的边界,界面附近有分布较不稳定的三类沉积,一是坝侧翼的侧积披覆泥岩,二是坝底的含泥砾砂岩,三是废弃河道泥岩。3级界面是心滩坝内部增生体的边界,3级界面附近有厚度较薄、分布不稳定的四类沉积,一是增生体顶的粉砂质泥岩细粒沉积,也称为落淤层,二是增生体底的薄层含泥砾砂岩,三是增生体顶的泥质冲沟沉积,四是增生体界面附近的钙质胶结砂岩。
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关键词 : 砂质辫状河;构型要素;构型界面;岩性组合;大同侏罗系露头
Abstract

In multistory sandstones, lithofacies near the architectural bounding surface vary due to the hydrodynamic changes, which affect the heterogeneity inside the sand bodies. Especially for braided fluvial deposits, the hydrodynamic changes are more frequent, and the lithofacies near the bounding surfaces are distributed rather complicatedly and unstably. Lithofacies are identified and divided by investigating the classical sandy braided river outcrops in Datong, Shanxi Province, and eight modes of lithofacies assemblages are summarized, which correspond to eight types of architectural elements. The modes of lithologic complexes near architectural bounding surfaces in study outcrops are divided and measured quantitatively based on photographic mosaics and interpretation of the outcrop sections. The genetic mechanisms of lithologic variation of different orders and different types are analyzed, the architectural models of braided fluvial deposits are summarized, and the sandy braided river depositional process is remodeled. The fifth order architectural bounding surface is defined as the surface of a braided channel. Therefore, the lithology near the fifth order bounding surface is the floodplain mudstone which is relatively thick and develops stably between different periods of braided channels. The fourth order architectural bounding surface is considered as the surface of mid-channel bars or single channel-fills. So the lithologies near the fourth order surfaces can be divided into three types: covering mudstone on the flank of bars, erosional muddy gravels on the bottom of bars, and abandoned channel-fill mudstone. The third order architectural bounding surface is defined as the surface of a single accretion inside mid-channel bars. Thus, the lithologies near the third order surfaces can be divided into four types. The first type is muddy siltstone, also known as fall-silt seam, which deposits during the last phase of a single period of vertical accretion due to the weakened hydrodynamics. The second one is the thin-layer erosional muddy gravel, which generally locates at the bottom of an accretion. The third one is the muddy gully-fill deposit, and the fourth type is the diagenetic cementation belt. The lithologies near the third order architectural bounding surfaces develop unstably, due to its thin thickness and lateral discontinuities.

Key words: sandy braided river; architectural elements; architectural bounding surface; lithofacies assemblage; Jurassic outcrop
收稿日期: 2018-01-19     
PACS:    
基金资助: 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05010001、2016ZX05011-001) 资助
通讯作者: 侯加根,houjg63@cup.edu.cn
引用本文:   
任晓旭 , 侯加根 , 刘钰铭 , 陈德坡 , 张翔宇 . 砂质辫状河不同级次构型表征及其界面控制下的岩性分布模式——以山西大同盆地侏 罗系辫状河露头为例 . 石油科学通报 , 2018, 03: 245-261.REN Xiaoxu, HOU Jiagen, LIU Yuming, CHEN Depo, ZHANG Xiangyu. Architectural characterization and a distribution model of li- thology near the boundary surfaces of different orders in a sandy braided river-a case study from the Jurassic sandy braided-river outcrops in the Datong Basin, Shanxi Province. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2018, 03: 245-261. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2018.03.023
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