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不同倾角水力裂缝扩展的邻井光纤监测信号特征研究
韦世明*,郝亚龙,隋微波,陈勉
1 中国石油大学( 北京) 理学院,北京 102249 2 中国石油大学( 北京) 石油工程学院,北京 102249 3 中国石油大学( 北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京 100049
Research on the characteristics of fiber optic signals for neighboring wells with hydraulic fracture propagation at different inclination angles
WEI Shiming, HAO Yalong, SUI Weibo, CHEN Mian
1 College of Science, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 2 College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 100049, China

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摘要  考虑到目前光纤信号解释模型均以垂直裂缝为基础,当地层中发育天然裂缝与层理面,将使得水力裂缝 在扩展中发生倾斜;其光纤监测信号也将与垂直裂缝产生差异,使得现有光纤信号解释模型不再适用。为此,本文建立了三维倾斜裂缝扩展力学模型,考虑裂缝扩展过程中的拉伸和剪切力学行为,并采用有限元方法进行求解,与Liu 和Wu提出的非连续位移方法对比,模拟垂直裂缝扩展条件下的光纤信号特征一致,验证了本文模型的正确性。本文研究了有倾角水力裂缝扩展过程中,不同倾角、倾斜方向、裂缝高度、光纤监测距离和原始地应力状态对光纤应变和应变率的影响。分析发现:倾斜水力裂缝扩展时,邻井光纤监测的应变率瀑布图出现红蓝条带,当水力裂缝倾角处于30~55°时,出现对称的红蓝应变椭圆和红蓝应变率条带。随着倾斜水力裂缝持续扩展,倾斜裂缝击中光纤,应变率瀑布图出现多个心形区。当裂缝倾斜方向发生变化时,光纤监测的应变和应变率瀑布图也能够反映水力裂缝的倾斜方向。随着水力裂缝高度增加,应变率瀑布图红色条带宽度增大,为我们依据光纤监测解释裂缝高度提供了思路。对于同样形态和尺寸的水力裂缝,不同原始应力状态下的光纤监测信号具有明显的差异,其中,正断层应力状态下的光纤监测信号具有最为明显的条带特征。在本文计算条件下,随着光纤监测距离每增加100 m,光纤监测到的应变和应变率信号强度减小一个数量级。本文研究对通过邻井光纤信号解释水力裂缝形态、尺寸,进而指导邻井光纤布置具有重要指导意义。
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关键词 : 水力压裂,倾斜裂缝,邻井光纤,信号特征
Abstract

Considering that the current fiber optic signal interpretation models are based on vertical fractures, and the influence of natural fractures and bedding planes makes hydraulic fractures tilted during its propagation process. What’s more, its optical fiber monitoring signals will also differ from those produced by vertical fractures, rendering existing optical fiber signal interpretation models inapplicable. Therefore, a three-dimensional inclined fracture propagation model is established in this paper, considering the tensile and shear mechanical behaviors during crack extension, and solved by the finite element method. The model in this paper simulates the fiber optic signal characteristics under vertical crack extension conditions has good agreement with the discontinuous displacement method of Liu and Wu, which verifies the correctness of the numerical model in this paper. After that, we build the geometry model of inclined fractures, the effects of different inclination angles, tilt directions, fracture heights, fiber-optic monitoring distances, and in-situ stress states on fiber-optic strains and strain rates are investigated during the propagation of hydraulic fractures with inclination angles. Some conclusions can be drawn from the simulation results: red and blue bands appear on strain rate waterfall plots monitored by fiber optics in neighboring wells during inclined hydraulic fracture propagation. Symmetrical red and blue strain ellipses and strain rate bands appear when the hydraulic fracture inclination is at 30° to 55°. As the inclined hydraulic fracture continues to propagate, when the inclined fracture hits the fiber, multiple heartshaped zones appear on the strain rate waterfall map. The fiber-optic-monitored strain and strain-rate waterfall maps are also able to reflect the tilt direction of the hydraulic fracture. The width of the red bands of the strain rate waterfall plot increases with increasing hydraulic fracture height, which provides us with a way of interpreting the height of fractures based on the optical fiber monitoring. For hydraulic fractures of the same morphology and size, the optical fiber monitoring signals under different initial stress states exhibit significant differences, among which, the optical fiber monitoring signals under the normal fault stress state have the most distinct band characteristics. Under the simulation conditions of this paper, with each 100 m increase in fiber-optic monitoring distance, the intensity of the fiber-optic-monitored strain and strain-rate signals decreases by one order of magnitude. The research in this paper is of great significance in guiding the interpretation of hydraulic fracture morphology and size through neighboring well fiber-optic signals and guiding the placement of fiber optics in neighboring wells.


Key words: hydraulic fracturing; inclined fractures; neighboring well fiber; signal characteristics
收稿日期: 2024-10-31     
PACS:    
基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点项目(52334001)、国家自然科学基金青年项目(42407252)、中国石油大学( 北京) 青年拔尖人才项目(ZX20230042)和油气资源与工程全国重点实验室定向课题(PRE/DX-2405) 联合资助
通讯作者: we_shiming@163.com
引用本文:   
韦世明, 郝亚龙, 隋微波, 陈勉. 不同倾角水力裂缝扩展的邻井光纤监测信号特征研究. 石油科学通报, 2024, 09(05): 764-776 WEI Shiming, HAO Yalong, SUI Weibo, CHEN Mian. Research on the characteristics of fiber optic signals for neighboring wells with hydraulic fracture propagation at different inclination angles. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2024, 09(05): 764-776.
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