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首页» 过刊浏览» 2024» Vol.9» lssue(2) 260-281     DOI : 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2024.02.019
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地热储能技术研究进展及未来展望
芮振华, 刘月亮, 张政, 李根生.
1 中国石油大学( 北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,北京 102249 2 中国石油大学( 北京) 石油工程学院,北京 102249 3 中国石油大学( 北京) 碳中和未来技术学院,北京 102249 4 中国石油大学( 北京) 克拉玛依校区,克拉玛依 834000
Research progress and prospect of geothermal energy storage technology
RUI Zhenhua, LIU Yueliang, ZHANG Zheng, LI Gensheng.
1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 2 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 3 College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 4 College of Petroleum, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China

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摘要  地热储能技术是以地下流体为热载体,利用地下多孔介质空间存储能量,在必要时将其采至地面进行综合利用的一类技术。该技术从20 世纪六十年代至今不断发展,针对不同行业的取能及减排需求,形成了基于不同热载体、不同规模、不同储能方式的技术体系,在技术创新过程中,在地热储能理念上实现了从“地球电池”的单一储能形式向“地球充电/热宝”多能互补储/供能系统的转变,充分利用地热储能技术“规模大、应用广、跨季节以及成本低”的特点,具有储热空间大、热利用效率高、安全性好以及绿色低碳等优点,目前全球范围内已经有多个项目试验了工业余热以及可再生能源的地热化存储并取得了良好的效果,展现了较好的技术实用性和广阔的发展空间。对能源的稳定供应和高效利用意义重大。地热储能与热提取的主要机理有热传导、对流换热、热弥散、热虹吸效应以及物理化学作用等,同时通过流体与岩石之间的热—流—固耦合作用实现能量在地下的储存、传递与转换,因此地热储能的效果取决于流体—岩石相互作用以及地热储能的方式等,且储热层内流体类型越多,所涉及到的机理越复杂。本文首先阐述了地热储能技术在国内外的发展历程,归纳总结了地热储能过程中基于流体—岩石相互作用的传热与储能机理,在总结前人工作的基础上对地热储层过程中储热层选址、含水层深度选取以及储能载体选择等关键技术难题及其研究现状进行了分析,同时对全球范围内主要的地热储能项目概况及运营现状进行了梳理和总结。研究认为,储热层的孔隙度、渗透率、厚度、各向异性及非均质性等参数对其储热效率及规模有较大影响,在选址过程中应当综合考虑储热层性质、热载体性质以及与地面热源的匹配程度。在此基础上,本文对地热储能技术的应用前景进行了展望,同时从储热机理上指出了该技术可能面临的一系列挑战,认为未来地热储能技术的研究突破点在于与碳捕集、利用与封存技术以及风、光、电等可持续能源的联合存储与利用,寻找隔热性能好的地下空间,研发和利用高性能的热能载体以及防堵塞与腐蚀技术的攻关等。作为对现有能源体系的进一步高效利用方式以及有益补充,地热储能以其在削峰填谷、节能减排以及能源综合利用等方面的独特优势,具有巨大的潜在资源量与市场潜力,是未来低碳地质能源发展方向。
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关键词 : 地热储能,储热层选址,含水层,热能载体,CO2 封存
Abstract

Geothermal energy storage technology is a kind of technology using injected and subsurface in-situ fluid as heat carrier and underground porous media as storage space to store energy, and exploiting it to the ground for comprehensive utilization when necessary. The technology has been continuously developed since the 1960s to keep balance between energy consumption and emission of different industries, and thus establish a technical system based on different heat carriers, scales and energy storage methods. In the process of technological innovation, the geothermal energy storage concept has realized the transformation from a single energy storage form of "Earth Battery" to a multi-energy complementary storage/energy supply system of "Earth Charge and Geothermal Storage", and made full use of the characteristics of geothermal energy storage technology "large scale, wide application, cross-season and low cost", with the advantages of large heat storage space, high heat utilization efficiency, safety, green and low carbon, etc. At present, there are a number of projects around the world to test the geothermal storage of industrial waste heat and renewable energy, and which has achieved good results. It shows better technical practicability and broad development space. It has great significance to the stable supply and efficient utilization of energy. The main mechanisms of geothermal energy storage and heat extraction include heat conduction, convective heat transfer, heat dispersion, thermosiphon effect and physicochemical interaction, etc. At the same time, energy is stored, transferred and converted underground through the heat-fluid-solid coupling effect between fluid and rock. Therefore, the effect of geothermal energy storage depends on the fluid-rock interaction and the way of geothermal energy storage. And the more fluid types in the reservoir, the more complicated the mechanism involved. This paper first described the developing history of geothermal energy storage technology at home and abroad, summarized the heat transfer and energy storage mechanism based on fluid-rock interaction in the process of geothermal energy storage, and analyzed the key technical problems and research status in the process of geothermal reservoir location, aquifer depth selection and energy storage carrier selection on the basis of summarizing previous work. At the same time, the overview and operation status of major geothermal energy storage projects around the world were sorted out and summarized. It was concluded that the porosity, permeability, thickness, anisotropy and heterogeneity of the thermal reservoir have a great influence on its thermal storage efficiency and scale, and the properties of thermal reservoir and heat carrier, and the matching degree with the ground heat source should be considered comprehensively in the selection process. On this basis, this paper looked forward to the application prospect of geothermal energy storage technology, and pointed out a series of challenges that the technology may face from the perspective of heat storage mechanism. It was believed that the breakthrough point of geothermal energy storage technology in the future lies in the joint storage and utilization of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology, sustainable energy such as wind, light and electricity, searching for underground space with good thermal insulation performance, development and utilization of high-performance thermal energy carriers and anti-blocking and corrosion technology. As a further efficient use of the existing energy system and beneficial supplement, with its unique advantages in peak cutting and valley filling, energy conservation and emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of energy, geothermal energy storage has huge potential resources and market potential, and is the future direction of low-carbon geological energy development.


Key words: geothermal energy storage; location of heat storage layer; aquifer; thermal energy carrier; CO2 sequestration
收稿日期: 2024-04-30     
PACS:    
基金资助:国家自然科学基金重大项目(52192620) 和中国石油大学( 北京) 科研启动基金项目(2462021YJRC012,2462021QNXZ012) 联合资助
通讯作者: ligs@cup.edu.cn
引用本文:   
芮振华, 刘月亮, 张政, 李根生. 地热储能技术研究进展及未来展望. 石油科学通报, 2024, 02: 260-281 RUI Zhenhua, LIU Yueliang, ZHANG Zheng, LI Gensheng. Research progress and prospect of geothermal energy storage technology. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2024, 02: 260-281.
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