首届“中国石化杯”全国石油科技翻译大赛初赛试题
时间：2014-06-17 作者：
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Passage 1
Petroleum (also called crude oil), in the unrefined or crude form, like many industrial feedstocks has little or no direct use and its value as an industrial commodity is only realized after the production of salable products. Even then, the market demand dictates the type of products that are needed. Therefore, the value of petroleum is directly related to the yield of products and is subject to the call of the market.
Petroleum refining, also called petroleum processing, is the recovery and/or generation of usable or salable fractions and products from crude oil, either by distillation or by chemical reaction of the crude oil constituents under the effects of heat and pressure. Synthetic crude oil, produced from tar sand (oil sand) bitumen, is also used as feed stocks in some refineries. Heavy oil conversion, as practiced in many refineries, does not fall into the category of synthetic fuels (syncrude) production. In terms of liquid fuels from coal and other carbonaceous feedstocks, such as oil shale, the concept of a synthetic fuels industry has diminished over the past several years as being uneconomical in light of current petroleum prices.
As the basic elements of crude oil, hydrogen and carbon form the main input into a refinery, combining into thousands of individual constituents and the economic recovery of these constituents varies with the individual petroleum according to its particular individual qualities, and the processing facilities of a particular refinery. In general, crude oil, once refined, yields three basic groupings of products that are produced when it is separated into a variety of different generic, but often overlapping fractions. The amounts of these fractions produced by distillation depend on the origin and properties of crude petroleum. (282 words)
Passage 2
According to the International Energy Outlook 2013 Reference case, natural gas is the world’s fastest-growing fossil fuel, with consumption increasing from 113.0 trillion cubic feet in 2010 to 185.0 trillion cubic feet in 2040. It will continue to be the fuel of choice for the electric power and industrial sectors in many of the world’s regions, in part because of its lower carbon intensity compared with coal and oil, which makes it an attractive fuel source in countries where governments are implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, it is an attractive alternative fuel for new power generation plants because of relatively low capital costs and the favorable heat rates for natural gas generation.
Although there is more to learn about the extent of the world’s tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane resource base, the IEO2013 Reference case projects a substantial increase in those supplies—especially in the United States and also in Canada and China. In the United States, one of the keys to increasing natural gas production has been advances in the application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies, which have made it possible to develop the country’s vast shale gas resources and have contributed to a near doubling of estimates for total U.S. technically recoverable natural gas resources over the past decade. (219 words)
大赛时间
1.初赛：2014年6月18日～2014年7月18日：参赛选手访问中国石油大学（北京）外国语学院网站及中国国际能源舆情网。下载比赛原文，完成后发至大赛邮箱：PetrolTranslation@126.com。
2.2014年8月8日在中国石油大学（北京）外国语学院网站及中国国际能源舆情网公布复赛名单。
3.2014年8月23日在中国石油大学（北京）举行现场笔译复赛，可选择参加口译比赛。
首届“中国石化杯”全国石油科技翻译大赛组委会
2014年6月18日